8vo. 100 pp., [1 errata], Arabic & Portuguese text, later quarter calf with cloth boards, gilt spine, original publisher’s printed wrappers preserved, light foxing to preliminary pages, otherwise copy in very good condition, Imprensa Nacional, Lisboa, 1892.

Synopsis

This essay deals with the occupation of the Turks of Yemen, presented to the 10th Orientalists Congress held in Lisbon. A rare Portuguese and Arabic edition of an originally Arabic text by Muhammad Kutb Ad-Din al-Nahrawandi.
Since the Ottoman conquest of Yemen in 1517, it had been known as the Yemen Eyalet. After a land reform in the Ottoman Empire, Yemen Vilayet was established from most of the former Eyalet in 1872.
In the 1830s, aided by the collapse of the Zaidi Imamate due to internal division and the adoption of modern weaponry after the Crimean War, the Ottomans moved into northern Yemen, eventually taking San’a and making it the capital of the Yemen Vilayet in 1872. Even then, Ottoman control was largely confined to cities, and the Zaidi imam’s rule over Upper Yemen was formally recognized.
Starting in 1872, after the Sana’a region was firmly under control, Ahmed Muhtar Pasha set about restructuring the administration of the Yemen vilayet, dividing it into four sanjaks, with San’a city serving as capital of the vilayet.
In March 1914, the Anglo-Turkish Treaty delimited the border between Yemen and the Aden Protectorate.[8] When World War I broke out, Imam Yahya remained nominally loyal to the Sultan, but tried to negotiate with Britain at the same time. The Asir, on the other hand, joined Britain as soon as the war began. The Arab Revolt in Hejaz cut off Yemen from the rest of the Ottoman Empire, and the imam took the opportunity to establish his power over all of Yemen.
Turkish forces withdrew in 1918, and Imam Yahya strengthened his control over northern Yemen creating the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.